See khó on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chịu thương chịu khó"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gian khó"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "khó chịu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "khó dễ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "khó khăn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "khó lòng"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "khó nhằn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "khó nhọc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "khó nuốt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "khó ở"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "khó tính"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "khó xử"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "khốn khó"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kʰɔːʔ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Vietic/kʰɔːʔ"
],
[
"苦",
"苦#Chinese"
],
[
"khổ",
"khổ#Vietnamese"
],
[
"khổ",
"khổ#Vietnamese"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*kʰɔːʔ",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *kʰɔːʔ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "苦 (MC khuX)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tou",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khổ"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of khổ",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Proto-Vietic *kʰɔːʔ, from Middle Chinese 苦 (MC khuX) (SV: khổ). Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰɔː³. Doublet of khổ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "庫",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𧁷",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𧁹",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "苦, 庫, 𧁷, 𧁹, ⿰苦貧, ⿰庫貧, ⿰貧庫"
},
"expansion": "khó • (苦, 庫, 𧁷, 𧁹, ⿰苦貧, ⿰庫貧, ⿰貧庫)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦, 庫, 𧁷, 𧁹, ⿰苦貧, ⿰庫貧, ⿰貧庫"
},
"expansion": "khó • (苦, 庫, 𧁷, 𧁹, ⿰苦貧, ⿰庫貧, ⿰貧庫)",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dễ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"difficult; tough"
],
"id": "en-khó-vi-adj-V23ZKsJ5",
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 56 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 67 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard to get along with; hard to please"
],
"id": "en-khó-vi-adj-csPDipLn",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"get along",
"get along"
],
[
"please",
"please"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a person) hard to get along with; hard to please"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "giàu"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"poor (not rich)"
],
"id": "en-khó-vi-adj-Tk8hCMoz",
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) poor (not rich)"
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xɔ˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɔ˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɔ˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "khó"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese doublets",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chịu thương chịu khó"
},
{
"word": "gian khó"
},
{
"word": "khó chịu"
},
{
"word": "khó dễ"
},
{
"word": "khó khăn"
},
{
"word": "khó lòng"
},
{
"word": "khó nhằn"
},
{
"word": "khó nhọc"
},
{
"word": "khó nuốt"
},
{
"word": "khó ở"
},
{
"word": "khó tính"
},
{
"word": "khó xử"
},
{
"word": "khốn khó"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kʰɔːʔ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Vietic/kʰɔːʔ"
],
[
"苦",
"苦#Chinese"
],
[
"khổ",
"khổ#Vietnamese"
],
[
"khổ",
"khổ#Vietnamese"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*kʰɔːʔ",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *kʰɔːʔ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "苦 (MC khuX)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tou",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khổ"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of khổ",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Proto-Vietic *kʰɔːʔ, from Middle Chinese 苦 (MC khuX) (SV: khổ). Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰɔː³. Doublet of khổ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "庫",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𧁷",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𧁹",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "苦, 庫, 𧁷, 𧁹, ⿰苦貧, ⿰庫貧, ⿰貧庫"
},
"expansion": "khó • (苦, 庫, 𧁷, 𧁹, ⿰苦貧, ⿰庫貧, ⿰貧庫)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦, 庫, 𧁷, 𧁹, ⿰苦貧, ⿰庫貧, ⿰貧庫"
},
"expansion": "khó • (苦, 庫, 𧁷, 𧁹, ⿰苦貧, ⿰庫貧, ⿰貧庫)",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dễ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"difficult; tough"
],
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hard to get along with; hard to please"
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"get along",
"get along"
],
[
"please",
"please"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a person) hard to get along with; hard to please"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "giàu"
}
],
"categories": [
"Vietnamese euphemisms"
],
"glosses": [
"poor (not rich)"
],
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) poor (not rich)"
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xɔ˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɔ˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɔ˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "khó"
}
Download raw JSONL data for khó meaning in All languages combined (2.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: ⿰苦貧",
"path": [
"khó"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "khó",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: ⿰庫貧",
"path": [
"khó"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "khó",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: ⿰貧庫",
"path": [
"khó"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "khó",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.